基于BIM设计的道岔设备建模方法研究

为了解决站场BIM设计中道岔与岔线建模繁琐、定位捕捉困难等问题,基于最新的OpenRail软件环境,对MicroStation直接建模和道岔设备抽象化线性建模两种思路进行比较分析。经研究,线性建模方法更适合站场BIM设计。针对线性建模手段,将道岔的主要设备及尺寸信息转化为标准化道岔库元素和标记,然后按抽象化的道岔元素及标记信息进行xml文件编程,得到了较好的应用体验。     

邻近既有污水管道新建接驳井与原管封堵技术研究

以某车站基坑范围内存在一大直径污水管道为背景,研究横跨基坑污水管道改迁技术。现状工作井内不具备潜水作业条件,且无法实施临排,其接驳施工难度极大,常规的迁改技术不能满足现场需求。经研究,通过采用在现状污水管道工作井旁新建工作井、在新建污水管道内设置临时闸板、合理选择上下游洞门破除时机及破除方式、现状污水工作井内安装临时闸板等方法,顺利完成了污水管道改迁中新管接驳与原管道封堵施工,综合效益显著。同时,也可为类似工程施工提供参考。     

大断面地铁车站隧道软弱围岩渐进破坏规律模型试验研究

以贵阳市地铁2号线阳明祠车站为背景,采用室内模型试验模拟大断面地铁车站施工过程中隧道塌方破坏过程,明确施工期间大断面隧道塌方破坏过程机制,对比分析围岩和路面的变形。结果表明:通过围岩重力作用模拟隧道施工过程中塌方过程,与实际塌方过程基本吻合,弥补了常规加载破坏的不足;围岩渐进破坏过程表现为裂隙出现-裂隙发展-裂隙贯通-围岩塌方,支护渐进破坏过程表现为变形缓慢增加-变形快速增加-裂缝快速发展-支护破坏;围岩渐进破坏与支护渐进破坏相互作用,共同发展;在实际施工过程中,当支护变形大幅增加时,应增加支护强度,同时还应及时注浆、打设长锚杆,以减缓围岩裂隙发展,阻断围岩渐进破坏过程。     

梯级电站变动回水区设计最低通航水位确定方法

梯级电站变动回水区受上游电站下泄流量与下游坝前水位双重影响,设计最低通航水位的确定十分复杂。传统的设计最低通航水位保证率主要对流量进行统计,指标不够全面;而且设计最低通航水位计算工况组合的选取具有一定的偶然性,实际设计过程中可操作性不强。提出入库流量与坝前水位组合保证率计算方法,该方法综合考虑了入库流量与坝前水位遭遇组合的概率。利用该方法可合理确定梯级电站变动回水区设计最低通航水位,同时结合电站调度方案,在电站可接受的调度方式下,投入最少的资金对航道进行整治,以达到最优的效果。     

Development of railway station choice models to improve the representation of station catchments in rail demand models

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development of railway station choice models suitable for defining probabilistic station catchments. These catchments can then be incorporated into the aggregate demand models typically used to forecast demand for new rail stations. Revealed preference passenger survey data obtained from the Welsh and Scottish Governments was used for model calibration. Techniques were developed to identify trip origins and destinations from incomplete address information and to automatically validate reported trips. A bespoke trip planner was used to derive mode-specific station access variables and train leg measures. The results from a number of multinomial logit and random parameter (mixed) logit models are presented and their predictive performance assessed. The models were found to have substantially superior predictive accuracy compared to the base model (which assumes the nearest station has a probability of one), indicating that their incorporation into passenger demand forecasting methods has the potential to significantly improve model predictive performance.     

免棱镜全站仪在旧桥几何尺寸测量中的应用

文章介绍了采用免棱镜全站仪进行旧桥几何尺寸测量的主要内容、优点、测点布置情况及方法,并结合具体工程实例,探讨了免棱镜全站仪的使用效果。     

Travel time estimation from sparse floating car data with consistent path inference: A fixed point approach

Estimation of urban network link travel times from sparse floating car data (FCD) usually needs pre-processing, mainly map-matching and path inference for finding the most likely vehicle paths that are consistent with reported locations. Path inference requires a priori assumptions about link travel times; using unrealistic initial link travel times can bias the travel time estimation and subsequent identification of shortest paths. Thus, the combination of path inference and travel time estimation is a joint problem. This paper investigates the sensitivity of estimated travel times, and proposes a fixed point formulation of the simultaneous path inference and travel time estimation problem. The methodology is applied in a case study to estimate travel times from taxi FCD in Stockholm, Sweden. The results show that standard fixed point iterations converge quickly to a solution where input and output travel times are consistent. The solution is robust under different initial travel times assumptions and data sizes. Validation against actual path travel time measurements from the Google API and an instrumented vehicle deployed for this purpose shows that the fixed point algorithm improves shortest path finding. The results highlight the importance of the joint solution of the path inference and travel time estimation problem, in particular for accurate path finding and route optimization.     

产业导向下的轨道交通站点开发策略研究

近年来,在城市轨道交通站点周边土地开发过程中,出现了诸多“开而不发”的现象。本文以产业为切入点,在研究城市轨道交通站点开发模式及其对产业集聚影响等理论的基础上,结合站点周边开发的典型案例,提出了将产业导入与开发建设统筹考虑、以服务业或生产性服务业为主导产业、合理配置产业结构并紧凑布局、采用政府与企业协作的发展模式、以TOD理念进行规划设计、优化开发时序与合理分区分期等开发策略,为城市轨道交通站点周边开发提供参考和借鉴。     

Fast-charging station choice behavior among battery electric vehicle users

This study explores how battery electric vehicle users choose where to fast-charge their vehicles from a set of charging stations, as well as the distance by which they are generally willing to detour for fast-charging. The focus is on fast-charging events during trips that include just one fast-charge between origin and destination in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Mixed logit models with and without a threshold effect for detour distance are applied to panel data extracted from a two-year field trial on battery electric vehicle usage in Japan. Findings from the mixed logit model with threshold show that private users are generally willing to detour up to about 1750 m on working days and 750 m on non-working days, while the distance is 500 m for commercial users on both working and non-working days. Users in general prefer to charge at stations requiring a shorter detour and use chargers located at gas stations, and are significantly affected by the remaining charge. Commercial users prefer to charge at stations encountered earlier along their paths, while only private users traveling on working days show such preference and they turn to prefer the stations encountered later when choosing a station in peak hours. Only private users traveling on working days show a strong preference for free charging. Commercial users tend to pay for charging at a station within 500 m detour distance. The fast charging station choice behavior is heterogeneous among users. These findings provide a basis for early planning of a public fast charging infrastructure.     

Shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) operations across the Austin,Texas network with charging infrastructure decisions

Shared autonomous vehicles, or SAVs, have attracted significant public and private interest because of their opportunity to simplify vehicle access, avoid parking costs, reduce fleet size, and, ultimately, save many travelers time and money. One way to extend these benefits is through an electric vehicle (EV) fleet. EVs are especially suited for this heavy usage due to their lower energy costs and reduced maintenance needs. As the price of EV batteries continues to fall, charging facilities become more convenient, and renewable energy sources grow in market share, EVs will become more economically and environmentally competitive with conventionally fueled vehicles. EVs are limited by their distance range and charge times, so these are important factors when considering operations of a large, electric SAV (SAEV) fleet.This study simulated performance characteristics of SAEV fleets serving travelers across the Austin, Texas 6-county region. The simulation works in sync with the agent-based simulator MATSim, with SAEV modeling as a new mode. Charging stations are placed, as needed, to serve all trips requested (under 75 km or 47 miles in length) over 30 days of initial model runs. Simulation of distinctive fleet sizes requiring different charge times and exhibiting different ranges, suggests that the number of station locations depends almost wholly on vehicle range. Reducing charge times does lower fleet response times (to trip requests), but increasing fleet size improves response times the most. Increasing range above 175 km (109 miles) does not appear to improve response times for this region and trips originating in the urban core are served the quickest. Unoccupied travel accounted for 19.6% of SAEV mileage on average, with driving to charging stations accounting for 31.5% of this empty-vehicle mileage. This study found that there appears to be a limit on how much response time can be improved through decreasing charge times or increasing vehicle range.